The Origin of M[CLC]n[/CLC] [CSC]ii[/CSC] Emission in the Spectra of Chemically Peculiar Stars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emission from Mn II multiplet 13 (λλ6122-6132) in the spectrum of the 3 He star 3 Centauri A and the hot, mild, HgMn star 46 Aquilae can be naturally explained by interlocked non-LTE effects. However, reproduction of the strength of the Mn II emission in both stars requires vertical stratification of the manganese abundance, with manganese concentrated high in the photosphere (column mass ≲10 -2 g cm -2 ). If this formation picture is correct, several additional transitions of Mn II with λ > 8000 Å should also be present in emission in the spectrum of 3 Cen A. The wide range in the strength of Mn II multiplet 13 among upper main-sequence stars (ranging from absorption to emission) is made possible by the interplay in the non-LTE radiative transfer solution of the stellar T eff , manganese abundance, and manganese stratification profile. In particular, emission is strongly suppressed by a large manganese overabundance in the photosphere. This explains why the hot, mild, HgMn star 46 Aql, which has only a modest manganese enhancement, is detected in emission in Mn II multiplet 13 while other HgMn stars of similar T eff but with large photospheric manganese overabundances, such as κ Cancri, present Mn II multiplet 13 in absorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".