Arab spring and Jordanian consumers' animosity toward foreign products: What managers need to know
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent democratization movement across the region of Middle-East and North-Africa, popularly known as the “Arab Spring”, is likely to have far reaching consequences for business, economic and political environments of the Arab countries. Focusing on Jordan as a proxy for the Arab region and Britain for the West, this paper examines how Jordanian people view British products. Since granting independence to Jordan in 1946, Britain has maintained close diplomatic, political, and trade relationship with its former colony. Based on empirical data, this paper analyzes how different segments within the Jordanian society perceive Britain and its products. The findings indicate that Jordanians do harbor animosity toward Britain and its products, which consequently, result in their unwillingness to purchase British products. The findings further indicate that such animosity is affected by geographical location, educational level, and the extent of xenophobia that people harbor. The paper concludes with a discussion of the managerial implications of the findings in the light of the Arab Spring and makes necessary recommendations for both practitioners and researchers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".