Creating a Modern Countryside: Liberalism and Land Resettlement in British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Creating a Modern Countryside, James Murton disentangles the political shift from nineteenth-century classical liberalism to a more modern twentieth-century statist liberal model. To do this, he examines several land resettlement schemes in British Columbia, arguing that the state manipulated the land to achieve certain social and political ends. Although most of the plans went awry, Murton insists that they say much about the evolving British Columbian and Canadian political economy of the early twentieth century. The result is a substantial and complex environmental history monograph about an overlooked political transformation. The programs to resettle thousands of would-be farmers in British Columbia represented a clear victory for the “new liberals” over an older liberal paradigm that had been established in the early nineteenth century. The new variant deemphasized the centrality of the individual, as it engendered a more activist state in hopes of improving the general welfare. In British Columbia, this trend was expressed in how the land was manipulated. With scientific experts leading the way, the provincial government used nature to “create” more land in marginal agricultural areas
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.019 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".