Verrucous Carcinoma of the Esophagus Eluding Multiple Sets of Endoscopic Biopsies and Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Case Report and Review of the Literarure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 56-year-old woman was noted to have a 5 cm to 6 cm long, irregular narrowing of the distal esophagus on an upper gastrointestinal series. Initial endoscopy revealed a polypoid mass in the distal esophagus and concurrent endoscopic ultrasound revealed changes typical of inflammation but no evidence of an obvious neoplastic process. Repeated biopsies revealed only inflammation with no evidence of malignancy. Only after prolonged acid suppression did biopsies reveal verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus. The patient underwent a trans-hiatal esophagectomy and has remained well with no evidence of progression since. Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma, taking on a papillary or warty appearance grossly. Histological diagnosis may be difficult because this tumour typically shows no high-grade dysplasia. Therefore, diagnosis can be challenging, often requiring multiple sets of endoscopic biopsies due to the overlying hyperkeratotic layer. Of the 20 cases that have been reported, this is the second to provide an endosonographic description and the first to describe a change in endoscopic appearance with acid suppression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".