The Long, Angry Summer of ’43: Labour Relations in Quebec’s Shipbuilding Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The complex story of labour unrest in Quebec’s shipbuilding industry considerably broadens understanding of Canada’s wartime industrial relations. For while trade union leaders were significant in organizing thousands of shipyard workers, and government and business opposition were givens, workers sometimes struggled in the absence of leadership to achieve their goals and inter-union conflict frequently obstructed their efforts. The spontaneity of worker struggle in Quebec shipyards was less due to union weakness, however, than to conflict between craft versus industrial-based trade unionism. Strikes in Quebec’s shipbuilding plants during 1943 also shed light on the growing failure of the Canadian government’s labour policy known as compulsory conciliation. The contextualization of labour relations in Quebec’s shipyards during that long, angry summer lends support to those historians who argue that workers’ struggle rather than politicians’ acuity had a greater impact on the eventual appearance of pc 1003 than others would allow. L’histoire complexe de l’agitation ouvriere dans l’industrie navale au Quebec permet de bien mieux comprendre les relations industrielles au Canada en temps de guerre. Alors que les dirigeants syndicaux jouerent un role significatif dans l’organisation de milliers de travailleurs des chantiers navals, et que l’opposition du gouvernement et du patronat etait reelle, les ouvriers eurent, par moment, a lutter pour atteindre leur but en l’absence de direction, et dans le contexte de conflits intersyndicaux. La spontaneite des actions de lutte ouvriere, dans les chantiers navals du Quebec, est pourtant attribuable moins a la faiblesse des syndicats qu’aux conflits entre les syndicats representant les artisans et ceux representant l’industrie. Les greves au Quebec dans l’industrie navale en 1943 revelent egalement l’echec croissant du gouvernement canadien a faire respecter sa politique de conciliation obligatoire. Le contexte des relations industrielles dans les chantiers navals du Quebec, pendant cet ete mouvemente, appuie la these des historiens selon lesquels le combat des ouvriers eut un impact plus important que l’intelligence des politiques dans la parution de pc 1003, qu’on ne l’a generalement admis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".