Preparation of Polystyrene Spheres Using Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polystyrene spheres have been synthesized using potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators without using anysurfactant or stabilizing agent. Simple mixing method was used to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrenespheres. The influences of mixing time, ammount of styrene monomers, and ammount of initiators were studiedin this research. Size measurement and its distribution were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).Monodisperse spheres and verry narrow size distribution are expected in this research. The results showed thatthe most optimum time to synthesize styrene monomer into polystyrene latex is 6 hours, where biggest and mostuniform spheres size were obtained. Meanwhile when ammount of styrene monomers were increased, thediameter of polystyrene spheres were also increased. The biggest and most uniform polystyrene spheres diameterwas shown by 14% volume ratio of styrene monomer. For initiators influence, the smaller diameter ofpolystyrene spheres were obtained for 0.2 gram KPS than in 0.05 gram KPS. Polystyrene spheres using 0.05gram KPS also has more uniform size than in 0.2 gram.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".