The Rare Ones: Horner's Syndrome, Complications from Surgical Positioning and Post‐Sternotomy Complications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Every endocrine surgeon will encounter rare thyroid surgery complications over the course of their career which are important to recognize. This chapter discusses several such complications, namely Horner's syndrome, complications from intraoperative positioning and sternotomy complications. Horner's syndrome is defined as an injury to the sympathetic nervous system causing ipsilateral eyelid ptosis, pupillary miosis and anhidrosis. This phenomenon can result from an iatrogenic injury during thyroidectomy. Incorrect intraoperative positioning is a preventable error that may lead to the formation of pressure ulcers and peripheral nerve injuries. Head extension during surgery can also have serious consequences in some patients. Sternotomy is the splitting of the sternum in order to achieve better access to the mediastinum and its contents. In thyroid surgery, this is usually performed in cases of large retrosternal goitres or thoracic thyroid cancer metastases. Complications related to sternotomy include sternal malunion, wound dehiscence and infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".