Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methods to detect and monitor environmental change using indigenous species are in demand more and more each day as they become recognized as important tools in resource management and in situ monitoring (e.g., Goldberg, 1998). The benthic foraminifera continue to emerge as an important and unique type of indicator organism. As was illustrated in Chapter 3, they are abundant, provide statistically significant populations in small samples, have rapid reproductive cycles, are preserved as fossils, and have many types of applications to monitoring programs. This chapter provides a taste of some recent developments aimed at improving the utility of this group of shelled marine protozoans. PALEOPRODUCTIVITY Unlike the organic matter (OM) record, which essentially registers the amount of refractory organic carbon (C-org) that has bypassed the sediment/water interface, the Benthic Foraminifera Accumulation Rate (BFAR), which is defined as the number of specimens/unit area/unit time, fluctuates in relation to the downward (i.e., exported) flux of labile OM which is consumed in the benthic ecosystem. Where bottom water oxygen concentrations remain above 0.5 ml/l, the BFAR may be useful as an estimator of “export productivity” (Jorissen, 1998). Relatively productive intervals are marked by opportunistic faunae that are able to produce high numbers of offspring per gram of labile OM arriving at the seafloor. For example, phytodetritus flux (= labile OM) has been shown to trigger the rapid opportunistic reproduction of some shallow infaunal taxa ( Textularia kattegantensis, Fursenkoina sp.) in Sagami Bay, Japan (Kitazato et al., 1998).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.081 | 0.029 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".