Liquid Penetration Induced (LPI) Cracking in AZ91 Friction Stir Spot Welds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Friction stir spot welding of thixomolded and as-cast Mg-alloys AZ91 is investigated. The temperature cycles within the stir zone and in the TMAZ region are examined using thermocouples. The measured temperatures in the stir zone range from 437°C (710K) to 460°C (733K) (0.98Ts, where Ts is the solidus temperature in degrees Kelvin) in AZ91 spot welds. The stir zone microstructures in AZ91 spot welds typically comprise fine equiaxed α-Mg grains. However, spot welds made at room temperature with a thermal insulating layer introduced between the bottom of the AZ91 test specimen and the upper surface of the steel anvil showed evidence of eutectic segregation, liquid penetration and Liquid Penetration Induced (LPI) cracking in the stir zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".