Fulfilling the Promise?: When Humanitarian Obligations and Foreign Policy Goals Conflict in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Seeking Refuge: Central American Migration to Mexico, the United States, and Canada, María Cristina García evaluates the United States’ response to political and military upheavals in Central America in the 1980s. García explains that both international and domestic law demanded that the United States provide refugee status to individuals with a “well-founded fear of persecution.” She suggests that, because it played a significant role in creating these refugees, the United States had an even greater responsibility to provide for their refuge. This Book Review evaluates the failure of U.S. law and policy to realize even the minimal standards established under international agreements with regard to the protection of refugees. In examining the situations in Central America in the 1980s and Iraq now, it concludes that the United States must fulfill its obligations under international law without regard to whether the United States contributed to the refugee-creating crisis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".