Changes in visceral adipose tissue mitochondrial content with type 2 diabetes and daily voluntary wheel running in OLETF rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the hyperphagic, obese, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, we sought to determine if progression to type 2 diabetes alters visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondrial content and if these changes are modified through prevention of type 2 diabetes with daily exercise. At 4 weeks of age, OLETF rats began voluntary wheel running (OLETF-EX) while additional OLETF rats (OLETF-SED) and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO-SED) rats served as obese and lean sedentary controls, respectively, for 13, 20 and 40 weeks of age (n = 6-8 for each group at each age). OLETF-SED animals displayed insulin resistance at 13 and 20 weeks and type 2 diabetes by 40 weeks. OLETF-SED animals gained significantly (P < 0.001) more weight and omental fat mass compared with OLETF-EX and LETO-SED. Markers of WAT mitochondrial protein content (cytochrome c, COXIV-subunit I, and citrate synthase activity) significantly increased (P < 0.05) from 13 to 40 weeks in the LETO-SED, but were significantly attenuated in the OLETF-SED rats. Daily exercise normalized WAT cytochrome c and COXIV-subunit I protein content in the OLETF-EX to the healthy LETO-SED animals. In conclusion, increases in omental WAT mitochondrial content between 20 and 40 weeks of age in LETO control animals are attenuated in the hyperphagic, obese OLETF rat. These alterations occurred in conjunction with the progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes and were prevented with daily exercise. Reduced ability to increase WAT mitochondrial content does not appear to be a primary cause of insulin resistance, but may play a key role in the worsening of the disease condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".