Races of<i>Puccinia graminis</i>on barley, oat, and wheat in Canada in 2007 and 2008
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis, has historically been the most important disease of cereal crops worldwide. It is primarily controlled using resistant cultivars in Canada, although prophylactic use of fungicides is increasing. Determining the virulence structure in pathogen populations is essential to detect new virulent races that may arise. Surveys of barley (Hordeum vulgare), oat (Avena sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) fields and trap nurseries were conducted to provide incidence and severity information and to identify the virulence structure in the pathogen populations. Stem rust samples were collected across Canada in 2007 and 2008. Stem rust was absent on cultivated wheat, and at trace levels in barley and oat fields. Race QFCSC of P. graminis f. sp. tritici was dominant in 2007 (95.9%) and 2008 (98.2%) and was the only race present in Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, while races RKQQC, RKQSC, TMRTF, and TPMKC were found at trace levels in Manitoba. Eleven races of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were found in 2007, and races TGD (31.7%), TJJ (17.4%), TJS (16.7%), and TGB (13.7%) were dominant. Race TJN, which was first detected in 2006, rose to 8.5% of the population in 2007. Ten races of P. graminis f. sp. avenae were found in 2008 and races TGD (49.7%) and TJJ (21.1%) were dominant. Race TGN, which was first detected in 2006, rose to 10.9% of the population in 2008. No new races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici or P. graminis f. sp. avenae were detected in Canada in 2007 or 2008.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".