Bibliographic record
Abstract
Industri Keuangan Syariah Global mulai mengalami evolusi sejak tahun 1970s. Diawali dengan Commercial Banking, Project Finance dan Sindications(1980s), Equity, Ijarah(1990s) dan Sukuk(2000s). Nilai emisi sukuk internasional terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Total penerbitan sukuk internasional dalam berbagai mata uang sampai dengan Mei 2013 mencapai US$558.47 milyar, dengan total outstanding sebesar US$276.8 milyar. Indonesia, Malaysia, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Gambia telah menerbitkan sukuk secara regular, baik domestik maupun internasional. Negara-negara non muslim yang telah menerbitkan sukuk adalah Jerman, USA, Jepang, China, United Kingdom, Canada, Russia, Singapura, Hongkong dan Gambia. Sukuk tidak hanya diterbitkan oleh Negara, korporasi atau perusahaan juga menerbitkan sukuk. Secara domestic, perusahaan Indonesia mulai menerbitkan sukuk sejak tahun 2002. Sampai dengan tahun 2013 ada 6 perusahaan yang menerbitkan sukuk. Nilai emisi sukuk korporasi domestic masih mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun. Total outstanding sukuk korporasi sampai bulan Mei 2013 sebesar Rp.3,42 triliun dan yang telah jatuh tempo sebesar Rp.3,19 triliun.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.035 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".