Oral polio vaccination failure in urban slum children is associated with malnutrition and evidence of chronic inflammation (166.2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Oral vaccines for polio (OPV) and rotavirus have been shown to be much less effective in poor children in the developing world. The reason(s) for oral vaccine failure in this setting has been unknown. We hypothesized that failure of orally administered vaccines such as OPV was due to tropical enteropathy and resultant inflammation from endotoxin exposure. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort of children followed from birth in an urban slum of Dhaka Bangladesh. Response to oral poliovirus vaccine was measured in the children who received the recommended minimum of three doses of OPV by age 6 months. Diminished antibody responses to OPV were associated with malnutrition, serum endotoxin-specific antibodies, and shorter breastfeeding duration. In a subset of these children, we investigated the mechanism for vaccine failure using a systems-immunology approach, performing comprehensive cellular assays on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including a single-cell mass-spectrometry based assessment of cellular phenotypes and functional capacities. From this analysis, children with vaccine failure exhibited globally reduced cellular responsiveness to a range of cytokine stimulations, as well as elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. These data indicate that oral vaccine failure in this at-risk group is related to malnutrition, gut barrier dysfunction and shorter duration of breast-feeding in early childhood, and is associated with a chronic inflammatory immune phenotype.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".