Defected Ground Structure for Microstrip Antennas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is relatively a new area of research and applications associated with printed circuits and antennas. This chapter addresses the fundamentals of the DGS from its evolution and modeling to the state-of-the-art applications. The DGS geometries reported so far include simple shapes such as rectangular dumbbell, circular dumbbell, spiral, “U”, “V”, “H, cross, concentric rings, etc. Also different complex structures like split ring resonators, or fractals have been examined. To stop the higher harmonics at the input of the microstrip element, proper bandstop characteristics in the feeding network have been explored using different DGS configurations. The DGS has been implemented to improve or modify the radiation properties of microstrip patches. Placing the DGS in between the two microstrip patches also has some useful applications in reducing mutual coupling between them. Controlled Vocabulary Terms microstrip antennas; microstrip filters; printed circuits
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".