A New Species of Procyrnea Chabaud 1975 (Nematoda: Habronematidae) and Redescription of Two Chewing Lice (Mallophaga) from the Palawan Hill Myna, Gracula religiosa palawanensis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae), Philippines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thirty four live and 30 dead Palawan hill mynas, Gracula religiosa palawanensis were examined for ecto- and endoparasites, respectively at different periods. Specimens of nematodes from the dead birds and chewing lice (Mallophaga) from the live birds were collected. Specimens were fxed and stored in 70% ethyl alcohol until further study. Nematode specimens were examined in lacto-phenol as temporary mounts. Lice were processed for examination by cleaning in 5% potassium hydroxide solution, washing in distilled water, dehydrating in increasing grades of ethyl alcohol, clearing in terpineol and mounting in Canada balsam. Representative specimens of lice were stained with Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol-fuchsin) in absolute ethyl alcohol before clearing in terpineol and mounting in Canada balsam. The nematode specimens consisted of three species. One of which proved to be new to science and is named, described and illustrated as Procyrnea graculae with prevalence rate of 20%. It is differentiated from closely related species of the genus. The other two were provisionally identifed as Synhimantus (Dispharynx) sp. and Tetrameres (Tetrameres) sp. with prevalence rates of 10% and 3.3 % respectively, due to insuffcient number of specimens for examination. The lice collection consisted of two species namely, Myrsidea invadens (Kellogg & Chapman, 1902) of the order Amblycera, family Menoponidae and Brueelia chayanh Ansari 1955 of the order Ischnocera of the family Philopteridae with prevalence rates of 11.76% and 23.52%, respectively. They are redescribed and illustrated based on the present materials, and reported for the frst time in the Philippines constituting new locality records for the species. Key words: Brueelia chayanh, Mallophaga, Myrsidea invadens, Palawan hill myna, Procyrnea graculae, nematodes, Gracula religiosa palawanensis
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".