Parental behaviour and brood integrity in amalgamated broods of the Common Eider
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Post-hatch brood amalgamation was examined in the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima) along the shorelines of the St. Lawrence estuary, Qubec, Canada.Broods typically contained a large number of ducklings and several females in attendance.The amount of time allocated to foraging, vigilance, and other activities by brooding females failed to vary as a function of the number of ducklings, in addition, abandoned ducklings were readily adopted by brooding females suggesting that parental care is not constrained by the presence of additional ducklings.Parental behaviour also varied little in response to the presence of additional females.Preening on shore, however, increased in frequency with the number of females perhaps because broods aggregated more often in safer sites.Losses of ducklings occurred in several broods in one of three ways: ( 1 ) when ducklings straggled behind during foraging activities, (2) when broods aggregated temporarily and more rarely (3) when females voluntarily abandoned ducklings.Such losses suggest that integrity may be difficult to maintain in amalgamated broods.The extent to which lost ducklings are predisposed to be abandoned as a result of sickness or severe malnutrition, for instance, remains to be investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".