IL-28 Elicits Antitumor Responses against Murine Fibrosarcoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IL-28 is a recently described antiviral cytokine. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of IL-28 on tumor growth to evaluate its antitumor activity. IL-28 or retroviral transduction of the IL-28 gene into MCA205 cells did not affect in vitro growth, whereas in vivo growth of MCA205IL-28 was markedly suppressed along with survival advantages when compared with that of controls. When the metastatic ability of IL-28-secreting MCA205 cells was compared with that of controls, the expression of IL-28 resulted in a potent inhibition of metastases formation in the lungs. IL-28-mediated suppression of tumor growth was mostly abolished in irradiated mice, indicating that irradiation-sensitive cells, presumably immune cells, are primarily involved in the IL-28-induced suppression of tumor growth. In vivo cell depletion experiments displayed that polymorphonuclear neutrophils, NK cells, and CD8 T cells, but not CD4 T cells, play an equal role in the IL-28-mediated inhibition of in vivo tumor growth. Consistent with these findings, inoculation of MCA205IL-28 into mice evoked enhanced IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic T cell activity in spleen cells. Antitumor action of IL-28 is partially dependent on IFN-gamma and is independent of IL-12, IL-17, and IL-23. IL-28 increased the total number of splenic NK cells in SCID mice and enhanced IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production in vivo and expanded spleen cells in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, IL-12 augmented IL-28-mediated antitumor activity in the presence or absence of IFN-gamma. These findings indicate that IL-28 has bioactivities that induce innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".