Les mutuelles et les compagnies d'assurance sur le chantier de la protection sociale, 1850-1914
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Si la contribution de la mutualité à la constitution du système de protection sociale français est relativement bien connue, l'intervention des compagnies d'assurance privées à finalité commerciale comporte encore bien des zones d'ombre. Or elles sont activement présentes dans l'histoire de la protection contre les risques sociaux. On peut voir l'une des clefs de la greffe tardive de l'assurance sociale en France dans la relation privilégiée établie de longue date entre les grandes législations sociales et l'essor des organismes à but lucratif. Elles contribuent aussi à forger l'identité d'un tnutualisme également structuré au dix-neuvième siècle par la résistance à l'hégémonie de la production marchande et par l'adaptation aux règles du système. Aujourd'hui encore, l'un des problèmes cruciaux de la protection sociale reste le contenu de la relation entre les pôles marchand et non marchand qui en structurent le champ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".