Bibliographic record
Abstract
Crocodiles have long been regarded as living fossils, animals that entered an evolutionary stasis and barely changed since the Mesozoic Era. Furthermore, with the possible exception of the Indian gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), living crocodiles are usually characterized by their relatively uniform body plan and amphibious mode of life. This generalization was probably based in that the three major living lineages of crocodiles (crocodylids, alligatoroids, and gavialoids) appeared in the Cretaceous and have maintained relatively unchanged morphologies since then. The evolution of these modern lineages of crocodiles (the crown-based clade Crocodylia sensuBenton & Clark, 1988; see Fig. 1), however, has far more diversity and disparity than usually reported (Brochu, 2001) and much of the assumed homogeneity is based on a lack of detailed studies and a disregard of bizarre fossil taxa, such as the gigantic, duck-billed nettosuchids (Brochu, 1999) or the high-snouted terrestrial pristichampsines (Rossmann, 2000). ... In addition to crown-group Crocodylia, a large number of closely-related fossil taxa form a more inclusive clade, Crocodyliformes (sensuBenton & Clark, 1988; see Fig. 1). This group had previously been regarded as the Order Crocodilia (Kälin, 1955; Romer, 1956; Kuhn, 1968) and has an outstanding diversity in the anatomy and ecological niches of its members. The most ancient record of Crocodyliformes, Hemiprotosuchus leali(Bonaparte, 1972), from the Late Triassic of Argentina, represents the most basal clade of crocodyliforms (Protosuchidae). Protosuchids (and other basal crocodyliforms previously thought to form a paraphyletic Protosuchia; Fig. 1) were small-bodied animals (usually less than 1 metre long) that achieved a worldwide distribution by the Early Jurassic (and survived to the Cretaceous in Central Asia).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.069 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".