Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid growth of Canadian heavy-water-power-reaator capacity has renewed interest in D{sub 2}O production. The only economic source for large quantities of D{sub 2}O today is natural water. Attractive processes include hydrogen distillation (where pure hydrogen streams are available for stripping) and several chemical exchange reactions. Chemical exchange of deuterium and hydrogen between two compounds leads to the preferential accumulation of the deuterium in one. Choosing a gas and a liquid, efficient counter-current multistage operation is possible giving large enrichment factors in a single tower. To obtain reflux the deuterium transfer must be reversed outside the tower using chemical conversion or another exchange tower operating at a higher temperature. Chemical exchange between water and hydrogen sulphide has been used at the USAEC Savannah River plant for 16 years and is the process chosen for the three large heavy water plants being built in Canada by Deuterium of Canada Limited (Glace Bay, N.S.), Canadian General Electric Company Limited (Port Hawksbury, N.S.), and Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (Kincardine, Ont.). Ammonia-hydrogen exchange and amine-hydrogen exchange are potential competitive processes. (auth)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.024 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".