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Record W1512579370 · doi:10.22004/ag.econ.28034

Factors Associated with Household Internet Use in Canada, 1998-2000

2004· preprint· en· W1512579370 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueAgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) · 2004
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicRural development and sustainability
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThe InternetRuralityDigital divideInformation and Communications TechnologySocioeconomic statusHousehold incomeBusinessPopulationRural areaEconomic growthDemographic economicsGeographyPolitical scienceSociologyEconomicsDemographyComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

New developments in information and communication technology (ICT) such as the growth of Internet use, have been portrayed as an innovative medium of information exchange and thus providing new opportunities to rural Canadians. However, recent studies have shown that fewer rural Canadians were using the Internet compared to urban Canadians (Thompson-James, 1999; McLaren, 2002). The purpose of this study is to estimate and to analyze the determinants of Internet use by Canadians in order to understand the factors associated with lower Internet use in rural Canada with specific emphasis on whether "rurality" acts as an independent factor on Internet use. A logit model using the "Household Internet Use Survey" (HIUS) from 1998 to 2000 is used to analyze various socioeconomic determinants such as age, household income, location, self-employment and education. Our research indicates that although factors such as low income and an older population restrict Internet use by rural Canadians, "rurality" per se also appears to be a constraint on Internet use in Canada. It is necessary to analyze and understand the determinants of Internet use since this can help public and private agencies in customizing and altering information infrastructure, which can help in increasing Internet use among rural Canadians.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.030
Threshold uncertainty score0.582

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.065
GPT teacher head0.194
Teacher spread0.130 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it