Beta Phase Formation of Polypropylene with Bentonite Filler
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a study on Polypropylene (PP)/bentonite composites is presented. PP/bentonite composites were prepared using 5%, 10% and 25% of concentration in weight of unmodified and modified bentonite filler. The relative leve! of the beta phase of the samples was calculated using Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to observe the melting and crystallization behaviour of the samples. The dispersion state of the composites was observed using optical rnicroscopy. The obtained results show the possibility of inducing the beta phase in PP material using bentonite as filler. However, only the composites of polypropylene with modified bentonite showed the beta signa! and higher content was at 10% of filler. Although at 10% of modified bentonite the dispersion is worse than in 5%, at 10% there are more nucleating sites for beta phase formation and consequently more beta content. However, as concentration ofthe filler increases to 25%, the nucleating sites also increase but its dispersion into the compound becomes worse which strongly decreases the beta phase formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".