Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Indian immigration to the Pacific Islands was highly localized. Between 1979 and 1916, almost 61,000 Indians arrived in Fiji as indentured laborers, comprising 5 percent of the 1.2 million indentured Indians to the British empire. In a regional context, the Indians who migrated to Fiji were part of a series of indentured labor flows from within and without the Pacific Islands to fulfill the expanding requirements of the plantation system especially, but also the demands of mining, ranching, public works, and domestic services. A similar number of Melanesians, involving 61,000 contracts of indenture, were received by Queensland, and a further 146,000 indentured workers, predominantly Asians, worked on sugar plantations in Hawaii. The Melanesia labor trade to Samoa was much smaller, a quarter of the size, and later supplemented by 3,800 Chinese workers. These migration flows of laborers from within and beyond the region amounted to approximately 500,000 indentured laborers prior to 1914, and at least another 300,000 afterwards.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".