Homogeneous Nucleation of the Homologous Series of n-Alkanes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We measured homogeneous nucleation rates J = N/Δt for the homologous series of n-alkanes from n-heptane to n-decane in the temperature range of 150 K to 220 K using a supersonic Laval nozzle. For each compound we conducted two sets of experiments under identical conditions. First, we obtained the characteristic time 1·10−5 ≤ Δt/s ≤ 4·10−5, the time during which nucleation occurs, by carrying out static pressure trace measurements along the axis of the nozzle. In the second set of experiments, we determined the particle number density 1011 ≤ N/cm−3 ≤ 1012 using Small Angle X-ray Scattering. Consequently, we achieve nucleation rates of 2.5·1015 ≤ J/cm−3s−1 ≤ 1017 in our experiments. Hale’s scaled nucleation model [1,2] shows that our results are consistent with the low pressure measurements carried out by Peters et al. [3], Luitjens et al. [4] and the scaling factors shown by Rusyniak and El-Shall [5]. All condensable species are treated as thermally perfect, calorically imperfect vapors in this work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".