Evolving Concepts of the Pathogenesis and Treatment of the Pruritus of Cholestasis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The site of the pathogenic events responsible for initiating the pruritus of cholestasis has been assumed to be the skin. This assumption cannot be excluded but is not supported by convincing data. Empirical therapies such as anion exchange resins and rifampicin often appear to be partially efficacious. Recent evidence suggests that altered neurotransmission in the brain may contribute to this form of pruritus. In particular, the hypothesis that increased central opioidergic tone is involved is supported by three observations: opiate agonists induce opioid receptor-mediated scratching activity of central origin, central opioidergic tone is increased in cholestasis and opiate antagonists reduce scratching activity in cholestatic patients. Apparent subjective ameliorations of pruritus following intravenous administration of ondansetron to cholestatic patients suggest that altered serotoninergic neurotransmission may also contribute to this form of pruritus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".