Two new strategies to reduce the scatter fraction in positron volume imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two hardware techniques which improve the scatter fraction of positron volume imaging (PVI) systems are presented. The first uses the fact that Compton scattered rays scattered through a large angle have a lower energy. The range of angles through which rays can be scattered and still be in the scanner's field of view (FOV) depends on the radius of the line of response (LOR). By using a low-energy threshold which is proportional to the LOR radius, the scatter fraction at the edges of the image is substantially reduced. The second technique is based on the observation that in NaI crystals many of the 511-keV rays are backscattered, and the scattered photon then escapes undetected. Systems using NaI crystals typically use a relatively high energy threshold to take advantage of their good energy resolution. Instead, the authors propose using a notched energy acceptance window, which includes the photopeak and the backscatter peak, but discards the scattered events in between.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".