Expression and Role of Anaphylatoxin Receptors on Human Colonic Epithelial Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human colonic epithelial cell lines (T84, Caco2 and HT-29) were used to address the question of whether intestinal epithelial cells can detect and respond to activated complement via the anaphylatoxin receptors, considering the gut is host to large numbers of bacteria. All cell lines possess C3aR, C5aR and C5L2. Confocal microscopy confirmed that cells express apical C5aR and C5L2. C3a and C5a up-regulated CXCL8 and CXCL10 mRNA but not secreted protein levels within 48 hours. Protein levels were not increased using simultaneous treatment with subthreshold concentrations of LPS or TNF plus anaphylatoxin. C3a and C5a also increased the permeability of polarized monolayers. Anaphylatoxins also promoted the proliferation of T84 and HT-29. Inhibition of ERK signaling abolished these effects of anaphylatoxins. Our findings that multiple human cell lines possess functional anaphylatoxin receptors indicates that the colonic epithelium likely responds to the activation of complement in the lumen with an inflammatory outcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".