Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forest conservation in Nova Scotia found its institutional expression in the 1920s, long after the establishment of many other Canadian and leading global centres of conservation science. With several differing and competing conservation ideologies from which to choose, the provincial government loaned its support to British, European, American, and Canadian versions at various times. Three successive leaders of the province's main forestry agency—J.A. Knight, Otto Schierbeck, and Wilfrid Creighton—demonstrated quite different ideals of conservation, and equally different strategies for negotiating the politics of forestry, ranging from prickly independence to eager cooperation with rival power centres in the federal government, international agencies, and in industry. Each distinct approach dictated a set of policies that helped shape the forest and the forest industries of Nova Scotia. Contrary to the assumption that conservationists past and present approach more or less closely a single, ahistorical scientific norm, the account of policy vacillation in this essay illustrates the ideological content and historical contingency of forestry science.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".