The Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The National Kidney Foundation has developed guidelines for the diagnosis and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but it is not known whether these are applicable to renal transplant recipients. This study determined the prevalence of CKD according to the stages defined in the guidelines, the complications related to CKD and whether the prevalence of complications was related to CKD stage in 459 renal transplant recipients. CKD was present in 412 patients (90%) and 60% were in CKD Stage 3 with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 30 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of anemia increased from 0% in Stage 1 to 33% in Stage 5 (p < 0.001). Hypertension was present in 86% and increased from 60% in Stage 1 to 100% in Stage 5 (p = 0.02). The number of anti hypertensives per patient increased from 0.7 in Stage 1 to 2.3 in Stage 5 (p < 0.001). The number of CKD complications per patient increased from 1.1 in Stage 1 to 2.7 in Stage 5 (p < 0.001). We conclude that CKD and the complications of CKD are highly prevalent in renal transplant recipients. The classification of renal transplant patients by CKD stage may help clinicians identify patients at increased risk and target appropriate therapy to improve outcomes. The National Kidney Foundation has developed guidelines for the diagnosis and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) but it is not known whether these are applicable to renal transplant recipients. This study determined the prevalence of CKD according to the stages defined in the guidelines, the complications related to CKD and whether the prevalence of complications was related to CKD stage in 459 renal transplant recipients. CKD was present in 412 patients (90%) and 60% were in CKD Stage 3 with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 30 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2. The prevalence of anemia increased from 0% in Stage 1 to 33% in Stage 5 (p < 0.001). Hypertension was present in 86% and increased from 60% in Stage 1 to 100% in Stage 5 (p = 0.02). The number of anti hypertensives per patient increased from 0.7 in Stage 1 to 2.3 in Stage 5 (p < 0.001). The number of CKD complications per patient increased from 1.1 in Stage 1 to 2.7 in Stage 5 (p < 0.001). We conclude that CKD and the complications of CKD are highly prevalent in renal transplant recipients. The classification of renal transplant patients by CKD stage may help clinicians identify patients at increased risk and target appropriate therapy to improve outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".