Folate in a high multivitamin gestational diet causes obesogenic phenotype and epigenetic alterations in hypothalamic feeding pathways in Wistar rat offspring (271.3)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High multivitamin (HV, 10‐fold AIN‐93G) gestational diets fed to Wistar rats produce offspring with higher food intake, obesity and characteristics of metabolic syndrome. The objective was to determine if folate within the HV diet contributes to obesogenic phenotype through epigenetic effects on hypothalamic regulatory mechanisms. Male offspring of dams fed HV diet with normal folate (NF) (HVNF) were compared with those from HV fed dams. Offspring were weaned to a high fat diet for 8 weeks. HVNF offspring had lower food intake (5%, P=0.0005), body weight (4%, P=0.03), fat preference (12%, P=0.02), adiposity index (10%, P=0.04), plasma leptin concentration (24%, P=0.03), glucose response to a glucose load (18%, P<0.05) and insulin resistance (12%, P=0.03). They had higher pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC; 38%, P<0.05) and lower leptin receptor (Ob‐Rb; 10%, P=0.03), mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR; 7%, P=0.01), serotonin receptor (5‐HTR) 1A (11%, P=0.03) and 5‐HTR2A (21%, P=0.03) gene expression. DNA methylation of 5‐HTR1A (P=0.0007) was lower but higher in 5‐HTR2A (P=0.01). Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) signaling protein expression was improved (42%, P=0.03). In conclusion, folate in the HV gestational diet contributes to the obesogenic phenotype in the offspring concurrent with alterations in gene expression, DNA methylation and energy sensing in the hypothalamus that favor increased food intake. Grant Funding Source : Supported by Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
| grok | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
| opus | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Bench or experimental | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 3 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".