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Security Issues and Global Warming

2015· book-chapter· en· W15164624 on OpenAlex
John P. Crank, Linda S. Jacoby

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueRoutledge eBooks · 2015
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicTerrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical scienceTerrorismChinaPolitical economyInternational securityState (computer science)WitnessPosition (finance)GeopoliticsGeographyLawSociologyBusinessPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This chapter begins with a discussion of the increasing empowerment of nonstate actors to challenge nation-states for commerce and security. One of the central trends is the operational coordination of organized crime and terrorist entities. They tend to share the same pipelines and at times some of the same personnel since both have a need for similar specialized skills. We witness the emergence of the third generation of guerillas, described as leaderless or horizontal in structure, global, and highly adaptable to urban areas. Crevald’s position on guerilla wars is discussed—he asserted that states can never effectively combat guerilla wars. We then discuss the many ways in which transnational criminal organizations and terrorists are working together in the current era. From there, we assess the roles of criminalized states and “black holes,” geographical areas not controlled by state-based security entities. We discuss how global warming works to enhance the strengths of nonstate actors, while at the same time undermining or limiting state security. This chapter closes with a discussion of the security changes likely to be associated with an ice-free Arctic Ocean. We look at changes already occurring, and assess the roles played by the United States, Canada, Russia, and China. All are in exploration stages for previously inaccessible resources, and most are increasing their military presence across the region.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.764
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.049
GPT teacher head0.344
Teacher spread0.294 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it