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Record W1517739792

Echo control in VoIP

2007· article· en· W1517739792 on OpenAlex
Samy El-Hennawey

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian acoustics · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques
Canadian institutionsNortel (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEcho (communications protocol)Voice over IPMicrophoneComputer scienceTelephonyPhoneComputer networkTelecommunicationsAcousticsThe InternetPhysics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The challenges faced in echo control in voice over the Internet Protocol (VoIP) are discussed. There are primarily two classes of echo in telephone conversation. The first class is due to the use of a 2-to-4 wire conversion using hybrid circuits. Echo control of this class is achieved by a line echo canceller (LEC). The other class is due to the use of handsfree mechanisms where there is significant acoustical feedback coupling between the receiver speaker and the receiver microphone. Echo control of this class is achieved using an acoustic echo canceller (AEC). The design of double-talk detectors is a challenge for VoIP gateway design. Another challenge seen in deploying VoIP with voice gateways to interface with PSTN is that some PSTN local loops have strange characteristics. It is highly desirable to measure echo at the end user of an IP phone with multi-vendor networks. An important impairment, that is to be measured, is echo with its echo path loss and its associated round-trip delay.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.938
Threshold uncertainty score0.987

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.202
Teacher spread0.196 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it