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Record W1518040729 · doi:10.1109/4.938372

A GMSK modulator using a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ frequency discriminator-based synthesizer

2001· article· en· W1518040729 on OpenAlex
W.T. Bax, M.A. Copeland

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
Canadian institutionsCarleton UniversityON Semiconductor (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDelta-sigma modulationMinimum-shift keyingDirect digital synthesizerFrequency synthesizerElectronic engineeringModulation (music)dBcPhase noiseDelta modulationVoltage-controlled oscillatorElectrical engineeringPhase-locked loopEngineeringPhysicsQuadrature amplitude modulationPulse-amplitude modulationBit error rateAcousticsCMOS

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper describes a new transmitter architecture suitable for wideband GMSK modulation. The technique uses direct modulation of /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ frequency discriminator (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/FD)-based synthesizer to produce the modulated RF signal without any up-conversion. Digital equalization is used to extend the modulation data rate far beyond the synthesizer closed-loop BW. A prototype 1.9-GHz GSM transmitter was constructed consisting of a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/FD-based synthesizer and a digital transmit filter. The synthesizer consists of an 0.8-/spl mu/m BiCMOS /spl Delta//spl Sigma/FD chip, a digital signal processor FPGA, and an off-chip D/A converter, filter, and VCO. Measured results, using 271-kbit/s GSM modulation, demonstrate data rates well in excess of the 30-kHz synthesizer closed-loop BW are possible with digital equalization. Without modulation, the synthesizer exhibits a -76-dBc spurious noise level and a close-in phase noise of -74 dBc/Hz.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.301
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.276
Teacher spread0.243 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it