Post‐Traumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Humerus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Displaced fractures of the proximal humerus account for the majority of cases of posttraumatic avascular necrosis (AVN) of the humeral head. The reported rate of AVN is up to 21% following a 3-part fracture, and up to 75% after a 4-part fracture. Accurate Staging of AVN has important implications for determining appropriate treatment. Posttraumatic AVN has been associated with significant functional disability. 78% of cases of posttraumatic AVN required surgical intervention compared to 44% with atraumatic AVN. Advanced disease stage at presentation and extent of humeral head involvement correlated well with progression to shoulder arthroplasty. More than 55% of Stage IV and 79% of Stage V cases required prosthetic replacement at 3 years from diagnosis. Non-arthroplasty treatment options include core decompression and arthroscopic debridement and should be considered in Stages I, II and III of the disease. There is no evidence currently on the safety and efficacy of bisphosphonates in posttraumatic AVN. Hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty should be reserved for Stage IV and V AVN.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".