Somali immigrants in Ottawa: The causes of their migration and the challenges of resettling in Canada.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In less than a decade, from 1988 to 1996, more than 55,000 Somali refugees had arrived in Canada of which more than 7,000 thousand resettled in Canada's capital, Ottawa. The Somali migration represents the largest black immigrant group ever to come to Canada in such a short time. The push and pull factors of this Somali refugee influx included the bloody and prolonged civil war that has plagued Somalia since 1988, the repressive policies of the military regime of late President Siad Barre (1969--1991), the colonial dismemberment of Somalia into three different parts and the economic hardships characteristic of postcolonial Africa. Unlike many other refugee groups such as the Vietnamese, most Somalis made it to Canada on their own without the assistance of the Canadian government or other humanitarian organizations. The overwhelming majority of Somalis entered Canada as refugees under the Refugee Class of the Immigration Act. As they began the process of resettling in Canada, Somali refugees encountered enormous difficulties in adjusting to Canada's socio-economic and political environment. Findings of this thesis indicated that Cultural, technological and linguistic differences between Somali refugees and the host society seem to have had profound impact on the integration pace of Somali refugees. This study dealt with the background factors of Somali immigrants to Canada and the challenges they faced in resettling in a country that shares little with Somalia in terms of culture, language and religion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".