3D localization in large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks: A micro-differential evolution approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Most of the recent proposed approaches for sen-sor(mote) localization are focused on 2-D environments with limited functionalities. This is mostly due to the nature of problem which is non-linear, large-scale, and has limited hardware resources. The micro-evolutionary algorithms (MEAs) utilize a small-size population to solve optimization problems. Therefore, such algorithms require much less processing time and memory than standard evolutionary algorithms (EA), suitable for implementation on embedded systems. In this paper, a novel protocol for localization of motes in 3-D environments is proposed, simulated, and discussed. The localization problem is modeled as an optimization problem. The proposed model is based on a realistic approach to the localization problem, where possible errors and noises in the localization procedure such as signal strength detection are addressed. To present a suitable approach to solve the proposed optimization model, a comparative study on performance of the micro-differential evolution (MDE) algorithms is performed and the results are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".