"Looking Towards the Promised Land": Modernity, Antimodernism and Co-operative Wholesaling in the Maritime Provinces, 1945-1961
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IN 1953 W.H. McEWEN, long-time general manager of Maritime Co-op Services (MCS), largest co-operative wholesale in Maritime Provinces, wrote that cooperatives were not making sufficient progress towards taking the people into realm of Economic Ownership. Our present stage suggests that we are still in wilderness looking towards Promised Land, but still lacking faith, courage and determination to go up and possess land. We are on march, but we haven't really arrived.1 McEwen's lament was understandable. When he had arrived in Maritime Provinces from Manitoba during depth of Great Depression, he had brought to Canadian Livestock Co-operative (Maritimes) or CLC (M) predecessor of MCS a vision of establishing a non-profit co-operative commonwealth inspired by people such as Prairie co-operative leader Henry Wise Wood.2 For McEwen in early 1930s, as well as those associated with Extension Department of Saint Francis Xavier University and their soon-to-be famous Antigonish Movement program of adult education and co-operative action, way forward seemed clear. The capitalist system was in crisis and near collapse, and time was ripe for co-operatives to gain extensive control of economy so that the people, in famous phrase of Extension Director Father Moses Coady, could become masters of their own destiny.3 These co-operators and many others shared a vision that burgeoning growth of local consumer co-operative stores, agricultural co-ops and credit unions, coupled with widespread co-operative initiatives in fish processing, housing and other enterprises, would stimulate demand for extensive
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".