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Boko Haram and the Recurring Bomb Attacks in Nigeria: Attempt to Impose Religious Ideology through Terrorism?

2012· article· en· W1521213497 on OpenAlex
Ali S. Yusufu Bagaji, Moses Shaibu Etila, Elijah E. Ogbadu, Jafa’aru Garba Sule

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueCross-cultural communication · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicTerrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTerrorismIdeologyBoko haramLawPoliticsPolitical scienceSociologyCriminologyNegotiationPolitical economyInsurgency

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Attempt to forcefully impose religious ideology and or belief on Nigeria’s secular society is not new. The leader of the Maitatsine sectarian group attempted it in 1981 and eventually led to large scale uprisings. Since the early 1980s and 2012, Nigeria has witnessed other uncountable religious related crises. Beginning from 2009, the country once again, has been stormed by large scale and unimaginable bomb attacks by the Boko Haram movement. Although Boko Haram can be compared in terms of philosophy and objectives to the Maitatsine sectarian group, its organisational planning, armed resistance, and modus operandi is Taliban and attacks executed by the groups so far the most ferocious and devastating. To arrest terrorism related offences, the Nigerian National Assembly on 17th February, 2011 passed a bill on Anti-Terrorism. Even with the Bill in place, and the invitation to negotiate by President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, Boko Haram attacks which initially was confined to North-Eastern Nigeria, like cancer has infected the North-Central and is spreading to Southern Nigeria. Given the inherent unsettled political and economic environment, the menace caused by Boko Haram attacks has cashed in to compound an already chaotic situation. A fall-out of the Boko Haram saga for example, is the re-awakening of the acrimonious call for a Sovereign National Conference- by implication; the so called ‘One Nigeria’ is being questioned. On the basis of this background, for the motives and intention of Boko haram, it can no longer be ignored, trivialised or abandoned. Apparently, the dynamics of terrorism in the context of Boko Haram attacks in Nigeria remains insufficiently explored. This article aims to narrow such a gap by analysing the concept of terrorism in light of the philosophy and objectives, spectrum of strategies, dimensions and networking of Boko Haram movement in Nigeria. Key words : Boko Haram; Bomb Attack; Ideology; Nigeria; Religion; Terrorism. Resume: La Tentative d’imposer par la force l’ideologie religieuse ou de conviction et sur la societe laique du Nigeria n’est pas nouvelle. Le leader du groupe sectaire Maitatsine il a tente en 1981 et a finalement conduit a des soulevements de grande envergure. Depuis le debut des annees 1980 et 2012, le Nigeria a connu d’autres crises innombrables religieuses liees. A partir de 2009, le pays encore une fois, a ete pris d’assaut par grande echelle et attentats a la bombe inimaginables par le mouvement Boko Haram. Bien que Boko Haram peut etre compare en termes de philosophie et les objectifs pour le groupe Maitatsine sectaire, sa planification organisationnelle, la resistance armee, et le modus operandi est talibans et les attaques executees par les groupes de loin la plus feroce et devastatrice. Pour arreter infractions liees au terrorisme, l’Assemblee nationale nigeriane le 17 Fevrier, 2011 a adopte un projet de loi sur la lutte contre le terrorisme. Meme avec le projet de loi en place, et l’invitation a negocier par le president Goodluck Jonathan Ebele, Boko Haram attaques qui, initialement, a ete confinee au nordest du Nigeria, comme le cancer a infecte le Centre-Nord et se propage vers le sud du Nigeria. Compte tenu de la inherente environnement politique instable et economique, la menace causee par les attaques Boko Haram a encaisse a aggraver une situation deja chaotique. Une chute-de la saga Boko Haram par exemple, est le reveil de l’appel acrimonieuse pour une conference nationale souveraine par l’implication, la soi-disant «Un Nigeria est remise en question. Sur la base de ce contexte, pour les motifs et l’intention de Boko haram, il ne peut plus etre ignore, banalise ou abandonnes. Apparemment, la dynamique du terrorisme dans le contexte des attaques Boko Haram au Nigeria reste insuffisamment explore. Cet article vise a combler une telle lacune, en analysant le concept de terrorisme a la lumiere de la philosophie et les objectifs, le spectre de strategies, les dimensions et mise en reseau des Boko Haram mouvement au Nigeria. Mots cles: Boko Haram; Attentat a la bombe; L’ideologie; Le Nigeria; La religion; Le terrorisme.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.431
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.394
Teacher spread0.365 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it