Laser-Ultrasonic Characterization of the Annealing Process of Low-Carbon Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laser‐ultrasonic measurements are performed during the annealing of cold‐worked low‐carbon steel at temperatures between 590°C and 610°C. During annealing, the ultrasound velocity behaves in a peculiar way, first decreasing and then increasing to a final value. The recrystallized fraction evaluated by metallography indicates that recrystallization occurs during both the decrease and the increase in longitudinal velocity. Texture evaluated using laser ultrasonics suggests that the peculiar behavior of the velocity might be due to two different regimes of texture evolution. Internal friction, investigated through ultrasound absorption measurements, is also revealed to be very sensitive to the annealing process. This internal friction is attributed to magnetomechanical effects that are also known to decrease the ultrasonic longitudinal velocity and probably contribute to the observed peculiar behavior of the velocity. From this work, we conclude that, although there remains much work to do to explain our observations, both the longitudinal velocity and internal friction measurements are promising approaches for the development of an online sensor to characterize annealing using laser‐ultrasonics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".