A power-efficient wide-range signal level-shifter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a level shifter circuit that is able to convert signal levels of subthreshold values to super-threshold signal levels. Such a circuit is using a new voltage level shifter topology employing a level-shifting capacitor. This capacitor is charged only when the logic levels of the input and output signals are not corresponding to a high-to-low transition of the input signal. The proposed circuit has a small silicon area, low-power consumption and short propagation delay. Post-layout Simulation results for the proposed circuit implemented in a 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS technology confirm that the power consumption of this circuit is extremely low comparing to other topologies, and is able to operate over a wide range of the input voltages from 50 mV to 1.8 V, and a wide range of frequencies from 100 Hz to 100 MHz. For both a 0.4 V and a 1.8V supply voltages, the proposed circuit has a propagation delay of 10.43 ns and a power consumption of 9.89 nW for a 10-kHz input signal.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".