A power-efficient wide-range signal level-shifter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a level shifter circuit that is able to convert signal levels of subthreshold values to super-threshold signal levels. Such a circuit is using a new voltage level shifter topology employing a level-shifting capacitor. This capacitor is charged only when the logic levels of the input and output signals are not corresponding to a high-to-low transition of the input signal. The proposed circuit has a small silicon area, low-power consumption and short propagation delay. Post-layout Simulation results for the proposed circuit implemented in a 0.18-μm 1P6M CMOS technology confirm that the power consumption of this circuit is extremely low comparing to other topologies, and is able to operate over a wide range of the input voltages from 50 mV to 1.8 V, and a wide range of frequencies from 100 Hz to 100 MHz. For both a 0.4 V and a 1.8V supply voltages, the proposed circuit has a propagation delay of 10.43 ns and a power consumption of 9.89 nW for a 10-kHz input signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".