A Study of the Impact of the Wetlands Easement Program on Agricultural Land Valuest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wetlands of the prairie pothole region of the North Central United States and neighboring Canada constitutes an important natural resource which has alternative but competing uses.' In their natural state these wetlands provide habitat for wildlife and such hydrologic benefits as water quality maintenance, groundwater recharge, and flood control. They are of key importance to migratory waterfowl; in a normal year as much as 55 percent of the total North American duck population is produced in wetlands.2 In their alternative use these same wetlands, when drained, provide arable land and eliminate the cost of tilling around potholes. Recent changes in the agricultural situation have increased the pressure to drain these wetlands for crop production. For the most part, these prairie wetlands are privately owned and are widely dispersed over a large geographic area. This creates a problem of optimal resource allocation because the primary benefits arising from the prairie wetlands accrue broadly, while the costs of producing this recreation-producing resource are borne by the private owners of these wetlands. Accordingly, there have been strong incentives, over time, to drain and convert these wetlands to
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".