Annual cycles of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2<i>sw</i></sub> in the southeastern Beaufort Sea: New understandings of air‐sea CO<sub>2</sub> exchange in arctic polynya regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From 23 October 2007 to 1 August 2008, we made continuous measurements of sea surface partial pressure of CO 2 ( p CO 2 sw ) in three regions of the southeastern Beaufort Sea (Canada): the Amundsen Gulf, the Banks Island Shelf, and the Mackenzie Shelf. All three regions are seasonally ice covered, with mobile winter ice and an early spring opening that defines them as polynya regions. Amundsen Gulf was characterized by undersaturated p CO 2 sw (with respect to the atmosphere) in the late fall, followed by an under‐ice increase to near saturation in winter, a return to undersaturation during the spring, and an increase to near saturation in summer. The Banks Island Shelf acted similarly, while the Mackenzie Shelf experienced high supersaturation in the fall, followed by a spring undersaturation and a complex, spatially heterogeneous summer season. None of these patterns are similar to the annual cycle described or proposed for other Arctic polynya regions. We hypothesize that the discrepancy reflects the influence of several previously unconsidered processes including fall phytoplankton blooms, upwelling, winter air‐sea gas exchange, the continental shelf pump, spring nutrient limitation, summer surface warming, horizontal advection, and riverine input. In order to properly predict current and future rates of air‐sea CO 2 exchange in such regions, these processes must be considered on a location‐by‐location basis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".