Identifying the DHHC palmitoyl acyltransferase responsible for activating the antiviral protein IFITM3 (VIR1P.1008)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Influenza virus poses a significant health threat to the global population. The intrinsic immune factor, interferon inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) has been shown to inhibit the infection efficiency of all tested influenza virus subtypes, and understanding its mechanism of action and post-translational regulation may provide new strategies for combating infections. Palmitoylation represents a post-translational modification that positively affects IFITM3 membrane affinity and is necessary for its complete anti-influenza virus activity. Palmitoylation is generally carried out by palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs) that have conserved DHHC amino acid motifs. Currently, it is not known which PATs are responsible for the palmitoylation of IFITM3. Our preliminary screening, using a PAT overexpression assay and chemical reporters to measure IFITM3 palmitoylation, has implicated four candidate PATs. Quantification of IFITM3 antiviral activity against influenza virus upon PAT overexpression has implicated a single PAT able to increase IFITM3 activity. Confocal imaging of this PAT demonstrated a unique pattern of localization among the other candidates suggesting that the site of IFITM3 palmitoylation is a critical factor in controlling its activity. Identifying the PAT responsible for palmitoylating IFITM3 should promote our understanding of the post-translational regulation, cellular trafficking, and activity of this important antiviral effector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".