L'État, les familles et l'obligation scolaire au Nouveau-Brunswick dans les années 1940
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1941 the government of New Brunswick replaced various legislative measures regarding school attendance, the oldest of which dated back to 1906, by a new, tougher law. Although the law came into effect immediately, it produced few results. Not until the mid-1940s, after further revision and the introduction of the federal program of family allowances, did the law begin to have effect, and then not to the extent its promoters had hoped. The cause of compulsory school attendance took on a new dimension with the introduction of family allowances; in addition to the prohibitions and sanctions set out by school legislation, the superintendent could suspend payment of the allowance for a child who did not attend school. This prompted a type of dialogue between school authorities, mainly the superintendent, and parents regarding education of their children and the family situation. These exchanges show that childrens’ absence from school was in large part linked to the poverty of their families and to the need for children to participate in the family economy, a perspective not fully appreciated by school reformers in the 1940s.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".