China, Minerals Export, Raw and Rare Earth Materials: A Perfect Storm for WTO Dispute Settlement, and Sustainable Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Domestic regulatory autonomy issues run as a core theme through much of the recent dispute settlement at the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Some of these address old chestnuts, with a sprinkling of new issues: in this category, the long-running Tuna-Dolphin dispute between the US and Mexico comes to mind, with the novel aspects of WTO discipline under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, rather than just the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - GATT. Others addresses radically new issues, such as the investment-related issues under the Ontario Feed-in Tariff Scheme, or the very first test by a WTO (or GATT, for that matter) Panel of the ‘public morals’ exception in EU - Seal Pups. China – Raw Materials was triggered by China’s regulatory behaviour vis-a-vis the export of minerals and harbours some crucial considerations for the future application of international trade law to the 'environmental' sector.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".