Irrigation frequency influences establishment of silvery thread moss (<i>Bryum argenteum</i>Hedw.<i>)</i>and rooting of creeping bentgrass (<i>Agrostis stolonifera</i>L.) on simulated golf greens
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The encroachment of moss on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) golf greens is a significant problem throughout the world. Although chemical control products for moss exist many are not registered for this use in Europe and Canada. As a result turfgrass managers must rely on cultural methods to manage moss encroachment. A survey of 15 golf courses in southwestern Ontario positively identified silvery thread moss (Bryum argenteum Hedw.) (STM) as the primary species of moss present. In order to determine the effects of irrigation practices on STM establishment two independent greenhouse experiments were conducted in which the quantity and frequency of irrigation were altered. Pots containing creeping bentgrass were inoculated with STM and irrigated at either 75% or 100% open pan evaporation (Eo) and at 1-, 2-, 4-, or7-day intervals. Volumetric water content was measured in the top 5.7 cm of the pots to confirm that changes in water availability were a result of irrigation practices. Between the two levels tested, irrigation quantity had no effect on the presence of STM. In the first experiment irrigation at 1-day and 2-day intervals had significantly more STM invasion than irrigation at 4- and 7-day intervals. In the second experiment point quadrat counts showed that irrigating at both 1-day and 2-day intervals resulted in significantly more STM and that the most moss was observed with the daily irrigation regime. Root data were also collected to determine the effect of irrigation practices on root mass. The daily irrigation treatments in both experiments had reduced root mass although in the first experiment only the root mass below 12 cm was lower. In the second experiment the total root mass was highest for the 4-day irrigation interval with the 2- and 7-day intervals having intermediate root mass and daily irrigation resulting in the least.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it