Scientific achievements in the First Chinese Expedition to the Arctic Ocean (report)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The First Chinese Arctic Expedition to the Arctic Ocean was carried out from July 1 to September 8,1999,aboard the icebreaker R/V Xuelong supported by two helicopters and a boat, organized by the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration, State Oceanic Administration. Twenty five scientists in the scientific disciplines of physical oceanography, marine chemistry, marine biology, biogeochemistry, marine geology, glaciology, atmospheric science and fisheries from ten research institutions and universities in China, as well as scientists from the National Institute of Polar Research, Japan and the Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute, took part in the field investigations and cooperative research. The working areas covered the Canadian Basin, Chukchi Sea in the Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean, and the Bering Sea. The following data and samples were obtained during that expedition. For oceanography, operations of more than 100 CTD deep stations and 70 XBT and XCTD probes (to the depth of 1000m) were completed, and 1423.6Mb model VM ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) data were obtained. For geology, sediment samples by box sampler and multi-tube sampler in 41 locations and 47.92m of column sediment samples in 17 locations were collected. Vertical and horizontal trawls in 110 locations were made for biology and ecology, and EK-500 and 792DSG fish-finder in over 5800 nautical miles and 19 trawls were operated. A variety of samples of sea water, air and snow and sea ice cores etc. for research on chemistry, isotopes, primary productivity, microbiology, phytoplankton, nanoplankton, aerosols and samples from sediment traps were obtained at two stations on ice floes. Boundary and upper-air observations including ozone and ice-radar measurements of ice thickness were also made. The northernmost station was at 77°N in the Canadaian Basin. All samples and data are now being analyzed and results of scientific research have been published. Cooperative research on our data and samples obtained by the expedition with foreign scientists is most welcome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".