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Record W1527242813 · doi:10.4271/2000-01-2120

Protection from Ignition Sources Due to Lightning, EMI and Wire Harness Shorts for Aircraft Fuel Tank Gauging Systems

2000· article· en· W1527242813 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · 2000
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicElectromagnetic Launch and Propulsion Technology
Canadian institutionsSmiths Detection (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsIgnition systemEMILightning (connector)Automotive engineeringFuel tankEnvironmental scienceComputer scienceElectromagnetic interferenceElectrical engineeringAeronauticsAerospace engineeringEngineeringPower (physics)Physics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The investigation that followed the TWA 800 tragedy has revealed the probability that the center wing fuel tank exploded and caused structural failure that led to the aircraft plunging into the ocean. Examination of wiring from that aircraft and other Boeing 747 aircraft of similar age has uncovered the existence of wiring insulation faults. These faults have been found inside the tanks between powered leads and ground surfaces, and outside the tanks between Fuel Quantity Indicating System wiring and other wiring. The Boeing series of aircraft have in the past been designed with the FQIS wiring routed together with other wiring such as power leads. Thus, wire harness insulation failures could result in the FQIS wiring being exposed to voltages that might provide an ignition source in the tank. EMI from neighboring wires and lightning may also be present. Fuel gauging systems have not in the past been designed for these contingencies. Smiths Industries has developed a Transient Suppression Unit that is installed in the FQIS wiring at the tank wall which filters out any dangerous electrical transients from entering the fuel tank, while allowing the Smiths digital fuel gauging system to function normally.</div></div>

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.928
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.201
Teacher spread0.194 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it