Decline of Two Open Champlain Sea Dune Systems in Eastern Ontario and Their Characteristic and Restricted Plants and Insects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Open sandy areas have existed for hundreds or thousands of years in eastern Ontario but they have declined to approximately 1% of their former extent over the last 60-70 years. The history and decline of this unusual habitat, and its consequences for protection of biodiversity, are explored through reference to historical documents and collections as well as current surveys using two exemplary sites: Slack Road south of Ottawa and Crystal Rock in Edwardsburgh Township north of Prescott. Planting trees to eliminate these open areas, before their biodiversity value was understood, is a primary cause of the decline, but cessation of fire, invasive species and urban development have also been contributing factors. The two exemplary areas have a very similar flora and fauna and collectively contain at least five provincially rare and 65 regionally rare species, many of which are dependent on dry, open, inland sand deposits not directly associated with rivers or lakes. Based on the present rate of decline, these sandy habitats, along with their specialized flora and fauna, may be gone in a decade or two. On the other hand, the biodiversity-rich remnants could serve as nuclei for the recolonization of a restored ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".